Japan's My Number System Explained: What Foreign Residents Need to Know

Introduction

The "My Number" system (マイナンバー) in Japan, officially known as the Individual Number System, is a unique identification initiative introduced to streamline administrative services and provide benefits to residents. This blog explores what My Number is, why it was implemented, how it’s used, and the benefits and privacy concerns associated with it.

In my case, I am often asked to submit my My Number card for administrative procedures or company processes. However, I ensure that it is heavily masked when submitted, and it is kept confidential.

1. What is My Number?

The My Number system is Japan’s national identification system, launched in 2015 to simplify administrative processes. Each Japanese citizen and resident, including foreigners living in Japan for a certain duration, is assigned a unique 12-digit number.

Purpose of My Number
The My Number system was designed to consolidate various services, from tax collection and social security to disaster response. By linking multiple administrative services under one identification number, the government aims to reduce paperwork, improve transparency, and make services more efficient.

2. How Does My Number Work?

Every person in Japan, including foreign residents staying for over three months, is automatically assigned a My Number. Once assigned, the number remains with the individual for life and does not change, even if they leave Japan and later return.

3. How is My Number Used?

My Number has several primary uses that allow the government to monitor and improve services across the country.

• Social Security: My Number is used in pension plans, health insurance, and welfare services, ensuring that the benefits reach the right individuals while reducing administrative costs.
• Taxation: The number is critical for tracking taxes and simplifying the tax filing process, helping to prevent tax evasion and improve tax efficiency.
• Disaster Response: In cases of natural disasters, My Number aids in identifying residents and ensuring quick access to relief funds and services.

4. The My Number Card

The My Number Card, a physical IC card, is issued to individuals who apply for it. It contains their photograph, basic personal information, and the 12-digit My Number, which is encrypted for security.

Benefits of the My Number Card

• Identity Verification: The card serves as a secure ID for government services and can even be used at local government offices.
• Online Services: With a My Number Card, residents can access online government services and make certain applications or inquiries remotely.
• Health Insurance Integration: Recently, the My Number Card has been integrated with Japan’s health insurance system, allowing residents to use it as a health insurance card at medical facilities.

5. How to Apply for a My Number Card

Applying for a My Number Card is straightforward. After receiving a notification about their My Number, individuals can apply at their local municipal office. The application typically requires a passport-style photo and a filled-out form, which can be submitted by mail or online. The card is usually issued within a month.

6. My Number and Privacy Concerns

Since its launch, the My Number system has raised privacy concerns among residents and privacy advocates. These concerns primarily revolve around data security, as the system consolidates sensitive personal information.

Privacy and Data Protection Measures
The Japanese government has implemented strict laws to protect residents’ data, limiting the use of My Number to specific administrative purposes. Unauthorized disclosure or misuse of My Number is prohibited, with penalties in place for violations.

7. Benefits of the My Number System

The My Number system provides benefits to individuals, businesses, and government agencies by simplifying processes and enhancing transparency.

• Efficiency: The system reduces the time and paperwork required to process benefits, taxes, and social services.
• Transparency: My Number minimizes errors and potential misuse in government systems.
• Convenience: The My Number Card can be used for multiple services, reducing the need for numerous identification cards.

8. How to Keep Your My Number Safe

To protect your My Number, avoid sharing it with unauthorized individuals or organizations. Keep your My Number Card secure, and only provide your My Number to government agencies, your employer, and other trusted institutions.

In Case of Loss or Theft
If your My Number Card is lost or stolen, report it immediately to your local municipal office to prevent misuse. They can issue a replacement card after verifying your identity.

9. Conclusion

The My Number system is a powerful tool designed to improve efficiency and transparency in Japan’s administrative processes. While it raises certain privacy concerns, the My Number system offers significant benefits for residents, allowing streamlined access to essential services, simplified tax filings, and enhanced social security measures. Understanding and properly using My Number can make a significant difference in navigating life in Japan.